Shell---控制流程

操作系统:

RHEL7.x 或CentOS 7.x

  • 最小化安装
  • 配置好固定的IP,能访问互联网
  • 配置好yum源(yum repolist 可以查看yum源)
    • 本地光盘
      • 挂载光盘,开机自动挂载
        • vim + /etc/fstable
        • /dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
      • 创建挂载点目录:
        • mkdir /media/cdrom
      • 挂载:mount -a
      • 配置yum源:
        • yum-config-manger --add-repo=file:/// media/cdrom
        • echo "gpgcheck = 0" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/media_cdrom.repo
    • EPEL
      • aliyun sohu 中科大 清华 网易

开发环境:vim

查看系统shell类型:

[root@template ~]# cat /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/sh
/usr/bin/bash

查看当前默认shell:

[root@template ~]# echo $SHELL
/bin/bash

快速如何快速生成脚本开头的版本版权注释信息

[root@template ~]# cat ~/.vimrc
autocmd BufNewFile *.go,*.py,*.cc,*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"
func SetTitle()
if expand("%:e") == 'sh'
call setline(1,"#!/bin/bash")
call setline(2,"#########################")
call setline(3,"#File name:".expand("%"))
call setline(4,"#Version:v1.0")
call setline(5,"#Email:admin@test.com")
call setline(6,"#Created time:".strftime("%F %T"))
call setline(7,"#Description:")
call setline(8,"#########################")
call setline(9,"")
endif
endfunc

修改Tab缩进

在/etc/vim/下有两个文件,分别为vimrc 和vimrc.tiny

在vimrc文件中加入:set tabstop=4

流程控制与判断练习:

1、ping主机测试,查看主机是否存活

[root@template chap04]# cat ping.sh
#!/bin/bash
#########################
#File name:ping.sh
#Version:v1.0
#Email:admin@test.com
#Created time:2023-03-23 17:32:18
#Description:
#########################
read -p "please enter your host:" host
if ping -c2 $host &> /dev/null
then
        echo "$host is running"
else
        echo "$host is down"
fi

2、判断一个用户是否存在

[root@template chap04]# cat user.sh
#!/bin/bash
#########################
#File name:user.sh
#Version:v1.0
#Email:admin@test.com
#Created time:2023-03-23 17:45:03
#Description:
#########################
read -p "please enter a username:" username
if id $username &> /dev/null
then
        echo "$username is exist"
else
        echo " $username is not exist "
fi

3、判断当前内核主版本是否为3,且次版本是否大于10

[root@template chap04]# cat sys.sh
#!/bin/bash
#########################
#File name:sys.sh
#Version:v1.0
#Email:admin@test.com
#Created time:2023-03-23 17:52:56
#Description:
main_version=`uname  -r | awk -F . '{print $1 }'`
minor_version=`uname -r | awk -F . '{print $2}'`
if [ "$main_version"  -eq 3 ] && [ "$minor_version" -ge 10 ]
  then
     echo "主版本是:$main_version 次版本是:$minor_version"
else
       echo "不满足条件,此系统的主版本是:$main_version 次版本是:$minor_version"
fi

4、判断vsftpd软件包是否安装,如果没有则自动安装

#!/bin/bash
#########################
#File name:isvsftp.sh
#Version:v1.0
#Email:admin@test.com
#Created time:2023-03-23 18:05:56
#Description:
#########################
if rpm -qa | grep vsftpd &> /dev/null
then
        echo "vsftp is exist"
else
        echo "vsftp is not exist"
        read -p "please enter your choice:" choice
        if [ $choice -eq 1 ]
                then
                        yum install vsftpd -y &> /dev/null
        else
                echo " break and uninstall"
        fi
fi

# 测试结果:最初环境没有安装,选择时随机输入,最后选择安装,最后一次测试检查是否安装成
[root@template chap04]# ./isvsftp.sh
vsftp is not exist
please enter your choice:2
 break and uninstall
[root@template chap04]# ./isvsftp.sh
vsftp is not exist
please enter your choice:1
[root@template chap04]# ./isvsftp.sh
vsftp is exist

5、判断httpd是否运行

# 也不算完整:先检测是否安装htppd.service此软件,注意centos7版本中自带一个httpd-xxx的工具,所以在写服务时最好加上httpd.service,程序流程:如果包存在,直接输出active,如果不存在就选择是否安装
[root@template chap04]# cat httpd.sh
#!/bin/bash
#########################
#File name:httpd.sh
#Version:v1.0
#Email:admin@test.com
#Created time:2023-03-23 18:20:59
#Description:
#########################
if rpm -qa |  grep httpd.service &> /dev/null
then
        echo "system  `systemctl is-active httpd`"
else
        echo "httpd is uninstall"
        read -p " please enter your choice : " choice
        if [ $choice -eq 1 ]
        then
                yum install httpd -y &> /dev/null
                systemctl restart httpd
        else
                echo " break and uninstall"
        fi
fi

6、判断指定的主机是否能ping通,必须使用$1变量

[root@template chap04]# cat ping2.sh
#!/bin/bash
#########################
#File name:ping2.sh
#Version:v1.0
#Email:admin@test.com
#Created time:2023-03-23 18:55:21
#Description:
#########################
if ping -c1 $1 &> /dev/null
then
        echo "$1 is runing"
else
        echo "$1 is dead"
fi

[root@template chap04]# ./ping2.sh  192.168.11.10
192.168.11.10 is runing
[root@template chap04]# ./ping2.sh  baidu.com
baidu.com is runing

7、报警脚本,要求如下

根分区剩余空间小于20%
内存已用空间大于80%
向用户alice发送告警邮件
配合crond每5分钟检查一次

yum install mailx -y &> /dev/null
#!/bin/bash
total_mem=$(free -m | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 2 | head -2 | tail -1)
used_mem=$(free -m | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 3 | head -2 | tail -1)
used_memper=$(echo "scale=2;$used_mem/$total_mem*100" | bc)
total_root=$(df | grep "/"$ |tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 2)
used_root=$(df | grep "/"$ |tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 4)
free_rootper=$(echo "scale=2;$used_root/$total_root*100" | bc)
v1=$(echo "used_memper > 80" | bc)
v2=$(echo "free_rootper < 20" | bc)
if [ $v1 -eq 1 ];then
  echo "内存已用空间大于80%" | mail -s "警告信息" alice
elif [ $v2 -eq 1 ];then
  echo "根分区剩余空间小于20%" | mail -s "警告信息" alice
else
  echo "正常使用"
fi

8、判断用户输入的是否是数字,如果是数字判断该数字是否大于10

[root@template chap04]# cat num.sh
#!/bin/bash
read -p "please input a num:" num
if echo  " $num" | grep " [ 0-9 ]" &> /dev/null
then
        if [ $num -gt 10 ]
        then
                echo "$num is more than 10"
        else
                echo "$num is less than 10"

        fi
else
        echo "input a num!!!"
fi

9、计算用户输入的任意两个整数的和、差、乘积、商、余数

a=$1
b=$2
if [ $# -eq 2 ]
then
  if [[ "$a" =~ ^[0-9]*$ && "$b" =~ ^[0-9]*$ ]]
  then
    echo "a、b Is an integer"
    echo a+b=$((a+b))
    echo a-b=$((a-b))
    echo a*b=$((a*b))
    echo a/b=$((a/b))
    echo a%b=$((a%b))
  else
    echo "a,b Is  not an integer"
    exit 0
  fi
else
  echo "The number of parameters is 2"
  exit 0
fi
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/sre-chan/

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