如何对Linux系统进行基准测试4工具Sysbench

Sysbench简介

Sysbench是一款多用途基准测试工具,可对CPU、内存、I/O甚至数据库性能进行测试。它是一个基本的命令行工具,提供了直接、简便的系统测试方法。github地址:https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench

主要功能:

  • CPU: 衡量CPU执行计算密集型任务的能力。
  • 内存: 衡量内存子系统的性能。
  • 磁盘I/O: 衡量磁盘读写速度。
  • 数据库: 衡量数据库的性能,包括 OLTP(联机事务处理)和TPC-C基准测试。
  • 其他: Sysbench还支持其他类型的测试,例如线程性能和网络延迟。

Sysbench的主要特点包括:

  • 开源: Sysbench 是一个开源软件,可以免费使用和修改。
  • 跨平台: Sysbench 支持多种操作系统,包括 Linux、Windows、macOS 和 Solaris。
  • 多线程: Sysbench 支持多线程测试,可以充分利用多核 CPU 的性能。
  • 模块化: Sysbench 的架构是模块化的,可以扩展支持新的测试类型和功能。
  • 易用性: Sysbench 提供命令行界面和 Lua 脚本支持,易于使用和配置。

Sysbench 常用于以下场景:

  • 性能测试: 评估系统的性能瓶颈并进行优化。
  • 数据库性能测试: 衡量数据库的性能并与其他数据库进行比较。
  • 硬件评估: 评估新硬件的性能。
  • 容量规划: 规划系统的容量以满足未来的需求。

源码:https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench

安装Sysbench

首先在系统上安装Sysbench。大多数发行版软件源都提供了它:

# Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo apt install sysbench

# Fedora
# dnf install sysbench

# CentOS
# yum install sysbench

# OpenSUSE
# zypper in sysbench

CPU基准测试

$ sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=2000 run
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time


Prime numbers limit: 2000

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

CPU speed:
    events per second: 22757.61

General statistics:
    total time:                          10.0001s
    total number of events:              227609

Latency (ms):
         min:                                    0.04
         avg:                                    0.04
         max:                                    0.12
         95th percentile:                        0.04
         sum:                                 9968.18

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           227609.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   9.9682/0.00

虽然会生成包含大量统计数据的报告,但 CPU 基准测试的主要内容是"General statistics"下的"total time"。

  • 其他命令:
$ sysbench cpu run
$ sysbench cpu --threads=40 run # 默认为单线程
#在检查 CPU 在重负载下的性能时,可使用命令将 CPU 的最大质数限制从 "10000 "扩展到 "15000":
$ sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=15000 run 
# 帮助
$ sysbench cpu help
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

cpu options:
  --cpu-max-prime=N upper limit for primes generator [10000]

内存基准测试

$ sysbench memory --threads=2 run
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 2
Initializing random number generator from current time


Running memory speed test with the following options:
  block size: 1KiB
  total size: 102400MiB
  operation: write
  scope: global

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

Total operations: 28555430 (2855143.49 per second)

27886.16 MiB transferred (2788.23 MiB/sec)


General statistics:
    total time:                          10.0001s
    total number of events:              28555430

Latency (ms):
         min:                                    0.00
         avg:                                    0.00
         max:                                    0.03
         95th percentile:                        0.00
         sum:                                12842.67

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           14277715.0000/1030637.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   6.4213/0.10

这里有两点需要考虑:"Total operations"和"transferred"。

  • 其他命令:
$ sysbench memory run
$ sysbench memory --memory-oper=write run # 默认为读
# 要测试特定条件下的内存,例如将内存块大小从默认的 "1KiB "提高到 "1M",同时保持总内存容量为 "8GB"
$ sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=1M --memory-total-size=8G run

参考资料

IO基准测试

在Linux系统上执行IO基准测试时,我们必须先创建一些测试文件。要创建测试文件,请使用以下命令:

$ sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=100G prepare
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

128 files, 819200Kb each, 102400Mb total
Creating files for the test...
Extra file open flags: (none)
Extending existing file test_file.0
...
Extending existing file test_file.127
53687091200 bytes written in 94.39 seconds (542.44 MiB/sec).

请确保选择的测试文件大小大于内存容量,这样IO进程才不会受到内存操作的影响。创建测试文件将根据所选大小花费一些时间。创建测试文件后,运行以下命令开始基准测试:

$ sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=100G --file-test-mode=rndrw --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --max-time is deprecated, use --time instead
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time


Extra file open flags: (none)
128 files, 800MiB each
100GiB total file size
Block size 16KiB
Number of IO requests: 0
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!


File operations:
    reads/s:                      1101.01
    writes/s:                     734.01
    fsyncs/s:                     2348.98

Throughput:
    read, MiB/s:                  17.20
    written, MiB/s:               11.47

General statistics:
    total time:                          300.0508s
    total number of events:              1255287

Latency (ms):
         min:                                    0.00
         avg:                                    0.24
         max:                                 2154.60
         95th percentile:                        0.46
         sum:                               299665.82

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           1255287.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   299.6658/0.00

文件清理:

$ sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=100G cleanup
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Removing test files...

Mysql基准测试

要对mysql进行基准测试,我们首先要在名为"test"的数据库中创建一个有50000 的表,使用以下命令

$ sysbench --test=oltp –oltp-table-size=50000 --mysql-db=test --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=passwd prepare

操作完成后,执行以下命令启动 Mysql Bechmarking:

$ sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-table-size=500000 --mysql-db=test --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=yourrootsqlpassword --max-time=60 --oltp-read-only=on --max-requests=0 --num-threads=8 run
No DB drivers specified, using mysql

Running the test with following options:

Number of threads: 8

Doing OLTP test.

Running mixed OLTP test

Doing read-only test

Using Special distribution (12 iterations, 1 pct of values are returned in 75 pct cases)

Using "BEGIN" for starting transactions

Using auto_inc on the id column

Threads started!

Time limit exceeded, exiting...

(last message repeated 7 times)

Done.

OLTP test statistics:

queries performed:

read: 2253860

write: 0

other: 321980

total: 2575840

transactions: 160990 (2683.06 per sec.)

deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.)

read/write requests: 2253860 (37562.81 per sec.)

other operations: 321980 (5366.12 per sec.)

Test execution summary:

total time: 60.0024s

total number of events: 160990

total time taken by event execution: 479.3419

per-request statistics:

min: 0.81ms

avg: 2.98ms

max: 3283.40ms

approx. 95 percentile: 4.62ms

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 20123.7500/63.52

execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9177/0.00

Main parameter to check here is 'transactions per second'

transactions: 160990 (2683.06 per sec.)

测试数据清理:

$ sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-db=test --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=yourrootsqlpassword cleanup

结果解读

总时间越短,表明系统性能越好,尤其是在比较类似测试时。不过必须将这一指标与其他指标结合起来考虑,因为测试时间越短,错误率越高,并不代表性能越好。

Ops/sec是系统吞吐量的直接指标。ops/sec值越高,通常意味着系统在给定时间内可以处理的操作越多,性能越好。例如,如果您运行的是数据库服务器,较高的ops/sec表示您的服务器每秒可以处理更多的查询,从而为最终用户带来更快的响应时间。

延迟对用户体验至关重要。较低的延迟意味着更快地完成操作,这对于视频流或在线游戏等需要实时响应的任务尤为重要。如果您正在托管一个网站,较低的延迟可以加快页面加载时间,提升用户体验。

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